Of the more than 4 million Americans who misuse prescription opioids, more than half also binge drink, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Put another way, people who binge drink are two times more likely to misuse opioids than non-drinkers, the agency reveals in a new study.
"We are losing far too many Americans each day from overdoses," CDC director Dr. Robert Redfield said in an agency news release. "Combining alcohol and opioids can significantly increase the risk of overdoses and deaths."
For women, binge drinking is having four or more drinks on a single occasion. The threshold for men is five or more drinks. Prescription opioid misuse is defined as taking powerful painkillers like morphine or OxyContin (oxycodone) without a prescription or to get high.
Dr. Robert Glatter, an emergency medicine physician at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, explained that "the simultaneous use of alcohol and prescription opioids is dangerous because both types of substances act as central nervous system depressants." This interaction significantly increases the risk of respiratory depression and death, he said.
Glatter called the new study a "major wake-up call."
"We need to educate those who drink excessively about the added dangers of misusing opioids, which can be a recipe for respiratory depression and death," he said.
For the report, the CDC analyzed 2012-2014 data from the U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Those who combined prescription opioid use and binge drinking were likely to be 26 or older. They also tended to be less educated and have lower incomes. Furthermore, prescription opioid misuse rose as binge drinking increased, the researchers found.
What's needed? According to the CDC, a comprehensive effort to tackle excessive drinking and prescription opioid misuse could help to reduce the risk of drug overdoses.
Communities can limit the number of places where people can buy alcohol, restrict the hours when it can be sold and take legal action against places that sell alcohol to minors, the agency advises. Better strategies to prevent and treat opioid disorders would help, too, the agency suggested.
The study was published June 11 in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
Source: https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2019-06-11/opioid-misuse-binge-drinking-often-go-hand-in-hand
Put another way, people who binge drink are two times more likely to misuse opioids than non-drinkers, the agency reveals in a new study.
"We are losing far too many Americans each day from overdoses," CDC director Dr. Robert Redfield said in an agency news release. "Combining alcohol and opioids can significantly increase the risk of overdoses and deaths."
For women, binge drinking is having four or more drinks on a single occasion. The threshold for men is five or more drinks. Prescription opioid misuse is defined as taking powerful painkillers like morphine or OxyContin (oxycodone) without a prescription or to get high.
Dr. Robert Glatter, an emergency medicine physician at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, explained that "the simultaneous use of alcohol and prescription opioids is dangerous because both types of substances act as central nervous system depressants." This interaction significantly increases the risk of respiratory depression and death, he said.
Glatter called the new study a "major wake-up call."
"We need to educate those who drink excessively about the added dangers of misusing opioids, which can be a recipe for respiratory depression and death," he said.
For the report, the CDC analyzed 2012-2014 data from the U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Those who combined prescription opioid use and binge drinking were likely to be 26 or older. They also tended to be less educated and have lower incomes. Furthermore, prescription opioid misuse rose as binge drinking increased, the researchers found.
What's needed? According to the CDC, a comprehensive effort to tackle excessive drinking and prescription opioid misuse could help to reduce the risk of drug overdoses.
Communities can limit the number of places where people can buy alcohol, restrict the hours when it can be sold and take legal action against places that sell alcohol to minors, the agency advises. Better strategies to prevent and treat opioid disorders would help, too, the agency suggested.
The study was published June 11 in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
Source: https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2019-06-11/opioid-misuse-binge-drinking-often-go-hand-in-hand
This week we will cover The Emotional Impact of Drug Addiction
Day 1
Drug addiction exacts an emotional toll on sufferers and their family members. Addiction grows in a bed of pre-existing emotional turmoil, and the feelings of anxiety, shame, guilt, and worthlessness that increase risk for addiction will only become worse as the chemical dependency deepens. Drug abuse also creates fresh emotional complications for everyone it affects. Emotional pain and disruption is inevitable for drug addicts and their loved ones, and only through treatment and recovery can families escape the pernicious effects of chemical dependency.
Drug addiction is a physical disorder with profound emotional ramifications and dimensions. More than seven million Americans are dependent on some type of illicit drug or misused medication, and the effects of their addiction are like ripples in a pond, spreading outward to cause pain and misery for everyone in the addict’s social and family circles.
The emotional devastation of drug addiction is experienced most directly and acutely by addicts themselves. But spouses, children, parents, grandparents, siblings, extended family members, and close friends also feel addiction’s impact, and their emotional reactions range across a broad landscape of pain, stress, and discouragement.
Credit source: Alta Mira
Day 1
Drug addiction exacts an emotional toll on sufferers and their family members. Addiction grows in a bed of pre-existing emotional turmoil, and the feelings of anxiety, shame, guilt, and worthlessness that increase risk for addiction will only become worse as the chemical dependency deepens. Drug abuse also creates fresh emotional complications for everyone it affects. Emotional pain and disruption is inevitable for drug addicts and their loved ones, and only through treatment and recovery can families escape the pernicious effects of chemical dependency.
Drug addiction is a physical disorder with profound emotional ramifications and dimensions. More than seven million Americans are dependent on some type of illicit drug or misused medication, and the effects of their addiction are like ripples in a pond, spreading outward to cause pain and misery for everyone in the addict’s social and family circles.
The emotional devastation of drug addiction is experienced most directly and acutely by addicts themselves. But spouses, children, parents, grandparents, siblings, extended family members, and close friends also feel addiction’s impact, and their emotional reactions range across a broad landscape of pain, stress, and discouragement.
Credit source: Alta Mira
"You will need to take a step back for them to be able to move forward"
Family members should be prepared for what to expect with their loved one during the first 30 days. Continuing to be an enabler may hinder their progress. Many enablers have a co-dependent relationship with their addicted loved one. They may be people who feel the need to solve problems that aren’t theirs to solve, or people who need to feel needed. Things quickly go south for both the addict and the enabler. Remember we are here to help them through their struggles during this time and want the transition to go as smoothly as it can. You will need to take a step back for them to be able to move forward.
You can expect to hear pleas to leave, promises to abstain, how difficult it is, and other requests and/or complaints as well. This is natural! Overcoming addiction and coming to grips with the psychological need to use is tough work. Treatment isn’t a walk in the park, but is necessary to overcome addiction. Denial, resistance, rationalization, lack of motivation, inability to effectively communicate – all of these may be hurdles your loved one needs to overcome.
Keep in mind that some clients adapt quickly, fully committed to doing whatever it takes to overcome addiction. Others take longer. No two clients’ journey will be the same. Support is the best thing that you can provide for your loved one as they go through our program.
Family members should be prepared for what to expect with their loved one during the first 30 days. Continuing to be an enabler may hinder their progress. Many enablers have a co-dependent relationship with their addicted loved one. They may be people who feel the need to solve problems that aren’t theirs to solve, or people who need to feel needed. Things quickly go south for both the addict and the enabler. Remember we are here to help them through their struggles during this time and want the transition to go as smoothly as it can. You will need to take a step back for them to be able to move forward.
You can expect to hear pleas to leave, promises to abstain, how difficult it is, and other requests and/or complaints as well. This is natural! Overcoming addiction and coming to grips with the psychological need to use is tough work. Treatment isn’t a walk in the park, but is necessary to overcome addiction. Denial, resistance, rationalization, lack of motivation, inability to effectively communicate – all of these may be hurdles your loved one needs to overcome.
Keep in mind that some clients adapt quickly, fully committed to doing whatever it takes to overcome addiction. Others take longer. No two clients’ journey will be the same. Support is the best thing that you can provide for your loved one as they go through our program.
The Great Debate
For centuries, addiction to alcohol and drugs has been seen as a moral failing. The person addicted was viewed as lacking in willpower. But while that view is still held by some individuals, a new model for understanding addiction has risen to the forefront in the scientific community. The reality is that addiction is a disease, and the research is there to support it.
What is addiction and is it a choice?
According to DrugAbuse.gov, “Addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences to the addicted individual and to those around him or her.” The key here is that the addicted person will continue using even when they see the harm their addiction is causing. They know it’s bad for them, and they don’t want to be addicted. But addiction is characterized by the inability to stop.
Why is addiction considered a disease?
Drug addiction follows a similar pattern to other chronic diseases such as asthma and diabetes. The patient will go into remission, but may have several relapses before beating the disease entirely. And like these diseases, addiction too can be treated and managed. Many people who combat the disease model of addiction will make the point that the addicted person chooses to start using drugs or alcohol. This is true, but beside the point. Once they begin using, the addiction takes on a life of its own and is much harder to control.
Addiction is also considered a disease because it can cause changes to the brain. Not only does it create a physical dependency in which the individual cannot stop taking the substance without experiencing withdrawals, but it also affects the individual’s ability to make reasonable decisions.
What this means to the addict
Why is it so important to recognize addiction as a disease? The answer is that the way we view a condition heavily influences the way we treat those who have it. When you learn that addiction is a disease, the truths become clear.
It’s not all about willpower
When a person loses their life to a drug addiction, someone undoubtedly says something along the lines of “they made their choice.” While there is an element of choice involved, making the right choice is so much harder for someone with an addiction. The vast majority of addicted individuals are not addicted because they want to be, but because they feel they need the substance. And in many cases, their bodies are so dependent on the substance that they really do.
Credit source: https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/recovery-blog/drug-addiction-disease-choice/?fbclid=IwAR0PQbQLo3P1DggrAxj2NEiuhxXeblVFJoQENfLrACx4-6tn8duJfaXpB_k#gref
For centuries, addiction to alcohol and drugs has been seen as a moral failing. The person addicted was viewed as lacking in willpower. But while that view is still held by some individuals, a new model for understanding addiction has risen to the forefront in the scientific community. The reality is that addiction is a disease, and the research is there to support it.
What is addiction and is it a choice?
According to DrugAbuse.gov, “Addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences to the addicted individual and to those around him or her.” The key here is that the addicted person will continue using even when they see the harm their addiction is causing. They know it’s bad for them, and they don’t want to be addicted. But addiction is characterized by the inability to stop.
Why is addiction considered a disease?
Drug addiction follows a similar pattern to other chronic diseases such as asthma and diabetes. The patient will go into remission, but may have several relapses before beating the disease entirely. And like these diseases, addiction too can be treated and managed. Many people who combat the disease model of addiction will make the point that the addicted person chooses to start using drugs or alcohol. This is true, but beside the point. Once they begin using, the addiction takes on a life of its own and is much harder to control.
Addiction is also considered a disease because it can cause changes to the brain. Not only does it create a physical dependency in which the individual cannot stop taking the substance without experiencing withdrawals, but it also affects the individual’s ability to make reasonable decisions.
What this means to the addict
Why is it so important to recognize addiction as a disease? The answer is that the way we view a condition heavily influences the way we treat those who have it. When you learn that addiction is a disease, the truths become clear.
It’s not all about willpower
When a person loses their life to a drug addiction, someone undoubtedly says something along the lines of “they made their choice.” While there is an element of choice involved, making the right choice is so much harder for someone with an addiction. The vast majority of addicted individuals are not addicted because they want to be, but because they feel they need the substance. And in many cases, their bodies are so dependent on the substance that they really do.
Credit source: https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/recovery-blog/drug-addiction-disease-choice/?fbclid=IwAR0PQbQLo3P1DggrAxj2NEiuhxXeblVFJoQENfLrACx4-6tn8duJfaXpB_k#gref
Are you enabling an addict? If you notice these behaviors in yourself or a loved one, then know that they may enable addiction.
- Ignoring the addict’s negative or potentially dangerous behavior – This behavior can involve anything from overlooking problems to denying that a problem even exists.
- Difficulty expressing emotions – Enablers are often unsure how to express their feelings, especially if there are negative repercussions for doing so.
- Prioritizing the addict’s needs before her own – While it is natural to want to help loved ones, enabling takes helping a step too far, where the addict has her needs taken care of while the enabler neglects her own.
- Acting out of fear – Since addiction can cause frightening events, the enabler will do whatever it takes to avoid such situations.
- Lying to others to cover the addict’s behavior – An enabler will lie to keep the peace and to present a controlled, calm exterior.
- Blaming people or situations other than the addict – To protect the addict from the consequences of drug abuse, the enabler might accuse other people of causing drug abuse.
- Resenting the addict – The result of the above behaviors is that the enabler will likely feel angry and hurt. She may act on these feelings by resenting the addict all while continuing to enable the addiction.
- Leave messes as they are - Leave the addict to clean up the messes she makes while intoxicated
- Weigh your options for short-term and long-term pain - Will helping the addict one more time cause more pain in the long run?
- Get back autonomy - When possible, you should not allow the addict to put you in situations which may endanger yourself or others
- Follow through with plans - Even if the addict refuses to participate in a planned activity, you should go through with it without them
People in recovery from drug or alcohol addiction need to take steps to protect their sobriety every single day. This often involves severing ties with people who drink or use drugs, even if they're longtime friends or family. Continuing friendships or relationships with active substance abusers can put you in very difficult situations that trigger cravings and lead to relapse.
Cutting ties is another part of recovery that you will have to face, but surrounding yourself with the right people and support will help you stay on the new path you have started.
Cutting ties is another part of recovery that you will have to face, but surrounding yourself with the right people and support will help you stay on the new path you have started.
“Why can’t you just stop using?”
“You need to be stronger to resist doing drugs.”
“Just use your willpower and you can stop.”
These are just some of the statements that those suffering from addiction often hear from others. There is a misconception that a person who continues to give in to their temptations to use drugs or alcohol is “weak” or has no willpower. But that is not necessarily true.
In fact, relying on willpower alone is simply not enough to fight the power of addiction. Many may believe that willpower is at the crux of beating addiction, but it can actually make things worse in many situations.
For starters, addiction is not a choice. People who develop a substance use disorder do not willingly do so. Somewhere along the line of using, choice disappears, and willpower no longer has an influence on whether or not a person can stop using. Further, willpower can actually push any underlying trauma down, which can make it even more difficult to overcome addiction. Substance use disorder often stems from some sort of trauma that the person experienced in the past, and drugs or alcohol are often turned to in an effort to numb any negative feelings as a result. Willpower can actually cause a person to suppress these traumatic feelings and memories, which can make the addiction even worse.Without dealing with trauma in a healthy way and exposing the issues that have caused addiction in the first place, recovery is much more of a challenge and people stay buried in their addiction.
Addiction to drugs or alcohol changes a person’s brain pathways. After a long period of time of heavily using drugs or alcohol, it can be nearly impossible to reverse these changes without proper medical intervention and cognitive support. When someone is fighting addiction, it is not enough to rely on willpower. What they need is an effective addiction treatment program that can help them safely and effectively detox and build the tools needed to achieve and maintain sobriety.
If you are tired of being a slave to your addiction, there is help! You do not need to do this alone. With the right support and guidance, you can be free of living in bondage to go on to live an addiction-free, fulfilling life.
If you are ready to start living a life free of bondage call 901-382-8106 ext 218 or message our page.
Article source: https://www.columbusrecoverycenter.com/blog/is-willpower-enough-to-fight-addiction/?fbclid=IwAR13qkuedZJgxZ17y1BG2ycfyXA2ddGxJCc3Jjn-dHqaHuWXxDUTQ7asZl8
“You need to be stronger to resist doing drugs.”
“Just use your willpower and you can stop.”
These are just some of the statements that those suffering from addiction often hear from others. There is a misconception that a person who continues to give in to their temptations to use drugs or alcohol is “weak” or has no willpower. But that is not necessarily true.
In fact, relying on willpower alone is simply not enough to fight the power of addiction. Many may believe that willpower is at the crux of beating addiction, but it can actually make things worse in many situations.
For starters, addiction is not a choice. People who develop a substance use disorder do not willingly do so. Somewhere along the line of using, choice disappears, and willpower no longer has an influence on whether or not a person can stop using. Further, willpower can actually push any underlying trauma down, which can make it even more difficult to overcome addiction. Substance use disorder often stems from some sort of trauma that the person experienced in the past, and drugs or alcohol are often turned to in an effort to numb any negative feelings as a result. Willpower can actually cause a person to suppress these traumatic feelings and memories, which can make the addiction even worse.Without dealing with trauma in a healthy way and exposing the issues that have caused addiction in the first place, recovery is much more of a challenge and people stay buried in their addiction.
Addiction to drugs or alcohol changes a person’s brain pathways. After a long period of time of heavily using drugs or alcohol, it can be nearly impossible to reverse these changes without proper medical intervention and cognitive support. When someone is fighting addiction, it is not enough to rely on willpower. What they need is an effective addiction treatment program that can help them safely and effectively detox and build the tools needed to achieve and maintain sobriety.
If you are tired of being a slave to your addiction, there is help! You do not need to do this alone. With the right support and guidance, you can be free of living in bondage to go on to live an addiction-free, fulfilling life.
If you are ready to start living a life free of bondage call 901-382-8106 ext 218 or message our page.
Article source: https://www.columbusrecoverycenter.com/blog/is-willpower-enough-to-fight-addiction/?fbclid=IwAR13qkuedZJgxZ17y1BG2ycfyXA2ddGxJCc3Jjn-dHqaHuWXxDUTQ7asZl8
6 Effective Methods To Talk To A Loved One About Their Addiction
Watching a loved one endure addiction can be terrifying and taking action to talk about it can be just as nerve-wracking. It may feel like you’re walking on eggshells around them, or that the pink elephant in the middle of the room is staring you down. You probably feel angry, confused, frustrated, scared and hopeless as you see them drudge down a dark road of despair. The good news is, you’re not alone and many others have come before you. The bad news is there’s no easy way to do it.
Use “I” statements
Symptoms of drug or alcohol use are not only physical but emotional, and defenses can rise when bringing up a double life that someone may or may not be hiding.
“I” statements can make a world of difference and will have you take responsibility of your emotions. They can change the entire tone of a conversation without placing direct blame on the person. This can soften the rhetoric and shift the focus from them to you, emphasizing your feelings and emotions rather than pointing fingers. Understanding things from your perspective can possibly plant the seed to help the addict see things a certain way.
Here are a couple of examples:
“You make me upset when you drink.” VS “I feel concerned when you drink.”
“You need to go to treatment.” VS “I feel frustrated that you won’t accept help.”
“You are killing yourself” VS “I feel angry watching you hurt yourself.”
Listen effectively
Addiction is on the rise and isn’t going anywhere anytime soon. According to the American Society of Addiction Medicine, “drug overdose is the leading cause of accidental death in the U.S.” The conversation that you have with your loved one can be potentially life-saving, and even the non-verbal behavior you display can be pivotal. Listening can be an art in itself and in today’s world genuine listening is rare. Here are a few to powerful ways to make the most of it:
Maintain a positive posture
Keep eye contact
Listen to the words and picture what the speaker is saying
Accept the ideas and feelings of the person
Don’t interrupt or jump to conclusions
Ask questions to better understand
Keep your cool
Tread lightly!
One of the most powerful tools we use instinctively is “mirroring.” Mirroring is a social phenomenon that happens when one person subconsciously imitates the gesture, speech, or attitude of another person. If someone smiles at you, chances are, you’ll smile back, right? This is a prime example of mirroring. You as well as your loved one are in a vulnerable state and if you go into things as a ball of anxiety, chances are the person will be able to subconsciously recognize that and things could escalate. We all play off each other’s emotions, and some addicts can do this like an Olympic sport.
Have a plan
Make sure you talk to your loved one at a time when they are sober and be prepared to take action!
If the person you’re talking to is receptive to your thoughts and concerns, have a plan. It is encouraged to seek the help of professionals when dealing with such an undertaking, so it may be wise to have a couple of treatment centers or the location of a 12-step meeting on hand.
If the person is not receptive to your feedback, have another plan.
A good start would be setting boundaries. Boundaries establish guidelines for suitable behavior and actions, and in this case, your loved one’s substance abuse. Sometimes boundaries can help a person get to their “bottom” and increase the chances of them getting help. These can be easy to set, however putting them to practical use is the tough part. As long as they continue to use it is important that these boundaries are set to so you can get off your emotional roller-coaster ride.
Here are a couple of sample boundaries you could use:
“I will not allow you to live here if you continue to use.”
“I will not give you any more money.”
“I will not bail you out of jail again.”
“I will not support you in your addiction, but I will support you in your recovery.”
Don’t take it personally
“Hurt people hurt people” and if there is a negative reaction, it has nothing to do with you. If the conversation doesn’t end well and you’ve been open and honest with your emotions, you did what you intended to do.
Take care of yourself
Addiction is a family disease that can wreak havoc on all lives it touches, and if you’re close with the addict, there’s no doubt you may have been exposed to lying, cheating, or manipulative schemes. It can take a toll on your well emotional well-being and sometimes feels like you care more about your loved one than they do themselves. It would be wise to seek outside support such as therapists, or support groups like Al-Anon. Just like the addict needs to recover, so do you!
Watching a loved one endure addiction can be terrifying and taking action to talk about it can be just as nerve-wracking. It may feel like you’re walking on eggshells around them, or that the pink elephant in the middle of the room is staring you down. You probably feel angry, confused, frustrated, scared and hopeless as you see them drudge down a dark road of despair. The good news is, you’re not alone and many others have come before you. The bad news is there’s no easy way to do it.
Use “I” statements
Symptoms of drug or alcohol use are not only physical but emotional, and defenses can rise when bringing up a double life that someone may or may not be hiding.
“I” statements can make a world of difference and will have you take responsibility of your emotions. They can change the entire tone of a conversation without placing direct blame on the person. This can soften the rhetoric and shift the focus from them to you, emphasizing your feelings and emotions rather than pointing fingers. Understanding things from your perspective can possibly plant the seed to help the addict see things a certain way.
Here are a couple of examples:
“You make me upset when you drink.” VS “I feel concerned when you drink.”
“You need to go to treatment.” VS “I feel frustrated that you won’t accept help.”
“You are killing yourself” VS “I feel angry watching you hurt yourself.”
Listen effectively
Addiction is on the rise and isn’t going anywhere anytime soon. According to the American Society of Addiction Medicine, “drug overdose is the leading cause of accidental death in the U.S.” The conversation that you have with your loved one can be potentially life-saving, and even the non-verbal behavior you display can be pivotal. Listening can be an art in itself and in today’s world genuine listening is rare. Here are a few to powerful ways to make the most of it:
Maintain a positive posture
Keep eye contact
Listen to the words and picture what the speaker is saying
Accept the ideas and feelings of the person
Don’t interrupt or jump to conclusions
Ask questions to better understand
Keep your cool
Tread lightly!
One of the most powerful tools we use instinctively is “mirroring.” Mirroring is a social phenomenon that happens when one person subconsciously imitates the gesture, speech, or attitude of another person. If someone smiles at you, chances are, you’ll smile back, right? This is a prime example of mirroring. You as well as your loved one are in a vulnerable state and if you go into things as a ball of anxiety, chances are the person will be able to subconsciously recognize that and things could escalate. We all play off each other’s emotions, and some addicts can do this like an Olympic sport.
Have a plan
Make sure you talk to your loved one at a time when they are sober and be prepared to take action!
If the person you’re talking to is receptive to your thoughts and concerns, have a plan. It is encouraged to seek the help of professionals when dealing with such an undertaking, so it may be wise to have a couple of treatment centers or the location of a 12-step meeting on hand.
If the person is not receptive to your feedback, have another plan.
A good start would be setting boundaries. Boundaries establish guidelines for suitable behavior and actions, and in this case, your loved one’s substance abuse. Sometimes boundaries can help a person get to their “bottom” and increase the chances of them getting help. These can be easy to set, however putting them to practical use is the tough part. As long as they continue to use it is important that these boundaries are set to so you can get off your emotional roller-coaster ride.
Here are a couple of sample boundaries you could use:
“I will not allow you to live here if you continue to use.”
“I will not give you any more money.”
“I will not bail you out of jail again.”
“I will not support you in your addiction, but I will support you in your recovery.”
Don’t take it personally
“Hurt people hurt people” and if there is a negative reaction, it has nothing to do with you. If the conversation doesn’t end well and you’ve been open and honest with your emotions, you did what you intended to do.
Take care of yourself
Addiction is a family disease that can wreak havoc on all lives it touches, and if you’re close with the addict, there’s no doubt you may have been exposed to lying, cheating, or manipulative schemes. It can take a toll on your well emotional well-being and sometimes feels like you care more about your loved one than they do themselves. It would be wise to seek outside support such as therapists, or support groups like Al-Anon. Just like the addict needs to recover, so do you!
Understanding Drug Use and Addiction
https://www.drugabuse.gov/…/understanding-drug-use-addiction
Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
https://www.drugabuse.gov/…/understanding-drug-use-addiction
Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
